Linux7.8下静默安装oracle11.2
一、使用脚本初始化环境
脚本如下：（标红处修改对应的配置需求）
#!/bin/bash
#1.配置主机名/etc/hosts 并关闭防火墙及selinux
echo 172.168.0.xx linux.tk >> /etc/hosts
#注意修改为服务器的ip和主机名
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
#sed -i s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g /etc/selinux/config
#2.安装相关软件包
yum -y install telnet vim lszrz gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel \
elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat \
unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel wget unzip
#3.配置内核参数
echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p
#4.oracle用户资源限制
echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nofile 4096" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
#5.登录配置
echo "session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
#改授权
echo "if [ \$USER = oracle ];then" >> /etc/profile
echo "if [ \$SHELL = /bin/ksh ];then" >> /etc/profile
echo "ulimit -p 16384" >> /etc/profile
echo "ulimit -n 65536" >> /etc/profile
echo "else" >> /etc/profile
echo "ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536" >> /etc/profile
echo "fi" >> /etc/profile
echo "fi" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
#6.创建用户组和用户
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle
#7.创建相关目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
#8.配置oracle用户环境变量
echo "ORACLE_SID=ora; export ORACLE_SID" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
#sid指定为现场的sid
echo "ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/common/oracle/sql; export ORACLE_PATH" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "TNS_ADMIN=\$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "ORA_NLS11=\$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "PATH=.:\${JAVA_HOME}/bin:\${PATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "PATH=\${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export PATH " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/JRE " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "CLASSPATH=\${CLASSPATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "CLASSPATH=\${CLASSPATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "CLASSPATH=\${CLASSPATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export CLASSPATH" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "nls_date_format=yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export nls_date_format " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export TEMP=/tmp " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export TMPDIR=/tmp " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "umask 022 " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
二、上传或者下载oracle安装包并解压，例如放置在/opt/目录下
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
直接在目录解压，会在当前目录中生成database目录
三、修改应答文件安装数据库软件
修改前建议先备份下
cp /opt/database/response/*.rsp /opt/database/rspbak
3.1、生成修改响应文件（
/opt/database/response/db_install.rsp）备注：清空源文件，复制粘贴如下内容（标红处需要修改对应的设置需求）：
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=linux.tk
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:10.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
3.2、开始安装
1）、用oracle用户登录操作
# su - oracle
$ cd /opt/database
$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp
2）、在安装过程中可以新开会话，使用tailf 命令查看进度
# tailf /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2022-XX-XX_03-28-06PM.log
提示安装结束，需要在root用户执行两个脚本，如下：
# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
四、修改应答文件安装数据库实例（
/opt/database/response/dbca.rsp）安装实例前，需要新建一个实例存放的目录（/home/OracleData/），如下：
# mkdir /home/OracleData
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/OracleData/
4.1、修改应答文件
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "ora"
SID = "ora"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
SYSPASSWORD = "***012"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "***012"
DATAFILEDESTINATION = /home/OracleData/
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION = /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY = "2048"
4.2、建实例,登录oracle用户
# su - oracle
$ dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/dbca.rsp
此安装过程是有进度显示，不用tailf查看，不过也可以查看对应的log日志查看进度
4.3、删除实例
编辑应答文件
#vim /opt/database/response/del_dbca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "deleteDatabase"
[DELETEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "ora"
$ dbca -silent -responseFile del_dbca.rsp
五、启动监听，配置自启动等
5.1、启动监听
# su – oracle
$ lsnrctl start
查看状态 lsnrctl status
# netstat -tnulp | grep 1521
# ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
5.2、设置自启动
修改vim /etc/oratab 如下
ora:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y
5.3、修改dbstart文件
vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart
将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME5.4、将dbstart加入开机自启动，/etc/rc.d/rc.local中增加
su - oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart
赋权限 chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
5.3、登录数据库设置权限等
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup;
alter system register;
create user ora identified by ***012;
grant dba to ora;
exit
六、远程连接数据库
6.1、开放1521端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd –reload
firewall-cmd --list-ports
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